DOI: 10.24412/2076-6785-2023-8-107-110
In 2015, a Paris Climate Agreement was signed, one of the main goals of which is to “Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being at all ages”. To achieve this goal, the greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced down to 70 % of the 1990 level. The Agreement has also been signed by the Russian Federation, which ranks third in terms of emissions out of 192 parties to the agreement.
At the St. Petersburg Economic Forum in 2022, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin said: “We will generally develop clean technologies in order to achieve the goals set for the environmental modernization of enterprises and to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, especially in large industrial centers. We will also continue to work within closed-loop economy projects as well as climate conservation and green projects.”
Taking into account the global trends and long-term plans of the Russian Federation, “NK “Rosneft” PJSC has set a goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. This will be achieved through emissions reduction measures, low-carbon generation, the development of energy-saving technologies, carbon capture and storage technologies, utilization of natural absorption potential, as well as a number of other technologies.
In terms of the methods of handling CO2 emissions, oil companies distinguish two promising areas: Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies which cover separating carbon dioxide from other gases in industrial emissions (usually at gas turbine power plants or APG flares) followed by compression and transportation to an isolated place for long-term storage, and Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technologies which also cover the separation of carbon dioxide from other gases, but for further useful utilization, in particular, to enhance oil recovery (EOR). Currently, a feasibility study on the application of CCS/CCUS technologies in the pilot subsurface areas of “NK “Rosneft” PJSC has been launched.
In the CCS domain, criteria have been formed to organize the storage of CO2 in natural reservoirs. The geological targets promising for long-term storage are being searched and ranked within the pilot sites. Porous aquifers suitable for long-term storage of carbon dioxide, requiring only the construction of wells and organization of injection process, are being analyzed as the main locations. The analysis of geological data allowed to develop the basic principles of selecting the storage targets: the presence of a trap, a shale seal, a sufficient volume of pores and permeabilities sufficient for injection. The analysis involved tools similar to those used to search for oil traps: seismic studies, petrophysical, hydrogeological and geomechanical data. The final stage of the work is geological modeling and flow simulation which allows us to determine with high accuracy the potential of storing carbon dioxide in porous aquifers, as well as to assess the gas migration potential in the longer term.
In the CCUS domain, the EOR performance of injecting carbon dioxide into an oil reservoir is being assessed. To select the technology, a sequence of actions has been developed with the following stages: build an Equation of State (EOS) to determine the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), select reservoirs suitable for miscible conditions, run laboratory studies on fluid and core samples, build composite dynamic models to evaluate process parameters, and select process equipment for injection. The computations will form the basis for a feasibility study of CO2 injection performance and will allow to determine the geological criteria of applicability and to develop standard solutions for process equipment.
Materials and methods
Approaches have been formed to justify the choice and evaluation of candidate reservoirs for CO2 storage.
Keywords
Ñarbon Capture and Storage (CCS), Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS), geological storage of CO2, gas-enhanced EOR, modeling of CO2 geological storage, modeling of gas-enhanced EOR, decarbonization
DOI: 10.24411/2076-6785-2020-10104
Abstract
The paper considers the problems that arise when estimating the cost of logging operations for the preparatory cycle of construction and reconstruction of oil and gas facilities in the Russian Federation (RF). First, the system of forest accounting in the Russian Federation is in crisis and is inefficient. When performing forest taxation, modern high-performance, accurate and cost-effective remote methods of taxation should be used. Secondly, the methodological system for pricing construction works does not have a single procedure for determining the volume of logging operations for their qualitative assessment, as close as possible to the actual work performed. Third, there are a number of inconsistencies in the current budget standards and legislation in the Russian Federation. Also, the Federal register of estimated standards does not contain the necessary data for evaluating certain types of logging operations.
Materials and methods
Research of forest taxation methods, analysis of the methodological pricing system, research of the process of calculating the volume of logging operations, analysis of the estimated regulatory framework for evaluating logging operations, research of machines and mechanisms that perform logging operations, research of the process of selecting estimated standards when calculating the cost of logging operations.
Keywords
logging operations, problems of forest taxation, calculation of the volume of logging operations, reliability and efficiency of determining the estimated cost, estimated regulatory framework, the Federal register of estimated standards
DOI: 10.24411/2076-6785-2020-10103
Abstract
The anthropogenic impact on natural complexes and objects is growing every day. The degree of negative influence on these territories in large cities is especially high. Issues related to the restoration, maintenance and preservation
of the natural environment are particularly relevant for our city. In this paper, an assessment of the current state of the Samara network is made. The number and total area of all specially protected territories that are currently functioning has been calculated. The analysis of the existing experience of the organization of protected areas of local significance is carried out. A system of criteria was developed to justify the status of local protected areas and applied to the example of the object – the territory of “Tomashev Kolok”. The results of this work will help in the further assessment of protected area networks, justification of the development of protected area networks in cities, and the proposal of new categories of local protected areas.
Materials and methods
Theoretical methods: comparative analysis of the legal framework, scientific literature, articles and publications on the organization, management and allocation of specially protected natural territories of local significance; experimental method: survey of the study area.
Keywords
specially protected natural territories (SPNT), network SPNT, criterias, SPNT of local significance, status SPNT, Tomashev Kolok
DOI: 10.24411/2076-6785-2020-10105
Abstract
The article presents an analytical review of the issue of degradation of the fertile layer during its storage in a disposable area during recultivation work. The impact of environmental conditions on the fertile soil layer during its storage has been assessed. The requirements of the current rules, regulations, and standards for storing the fertile soil layer have been analyzed. A set of measures to prevent the degradation of the fertile soil layer has been
proposed.
Materials and methods
Analysis and systematization of the regulatory documentation.
Keywords
recultivation, storage of the fertile soil layer
DOI: 10.24411/2076-6785-2019-10071
Abstract
The results of the development of a simulation model for assessing the environmental risk of changes in the state of the forest fund in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug using heterogeneous multidimensional data on accidents in oil pipelines in 2010–2018 are presented. The developed model is based on machine learning methods that allow to determine the degree of risk of repeated emergencies in the license areas, and geoinformation analysis
methods that are used to build a digital map of the risks of negative impacts on forest lands. Presented as an interactive digital map of the region, the simulation model allows to identify the territories with the highest environmental
risk. The reliability of the results discussed is confirmed by numerical experiments.
Materials and methods
Machine learning methods, spatial analysis methods, geoinformation technologies, risk-based approach.
Keywords
risk-based approach, environmental risks, neural networks, machine learning, geoinformation analysis, GIS technologies
DOI: 10.24411/2076-6785-2019-10054
One of the significant sources of the increase in reserves and oil production at the present stage are deposits of super-viscous oils (natural bitumen), the geological resources of which in the Republic of Tatarstan range from 1.5 to 7 billion. The fields of super-viscous oils have their own characteristics: small depths and sizes, oils have high density and viscosity.
Every year, as the oil industry develops, the technological impact on the environment and the geological environment is intensifying.
In the second half of the last century, the first symptoms appeared, indicating the alarming consequences of intensive mining.
10.24411/2076-6785-2019-10022
In this paper, possible methods for the prevention and disposal of waste sediments of asphaltene, resin and paraffin substances (ARP-S) are systematized. The practical importance of the rational use of the existing methods for prevention of ARP-S sediments occurrence, as well as the recycling methods are represented. The practical significance is considered based on the examples of Russian and foreign enterprises. The formation of ARP-S sediments is possible during wells drilling, as well as during operation, well workover and cleaning of drainage tanks. This type of waste is mostly paraffinic, that’s why mechanical method of prevention (pipeline scraper) is adopted. This paper summarizes the existing technologies for recycling and processing of sludges using them as alternative energy sources. The problem of their utilization is now solved by processing in the existing scheme for the preparation of commercial oil. Full utilization of liquid petroleum wastes, even at a single enterprise, provides a reduction in the total amount of petroleum wastes by more than 70% and the return of marketable oil to resource turnover. The paper presents the results of calculations of wastes generation during oilfield construction and operation. Hazardous wastes were considered as environmentally dangerous according to classification. Promising areas of ARP-S sediments processing are presented.
10.24411/2076-6785-2019-10021
The analysis of the time series of quarterly volumes of flaring of associated petroleum gas (APG) in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area (KhMAA) for the period of 2012-2016 was carried out. It is established that the trend of reducing the volume of combustible gas for a specified period is described by an exponential equation. It is shown that, along with the exponential trend, cyclical seasonal variations in the volume of the combusted gas are observed. A model is proposed for predicting the volume of gas being combusted as a sum of two terms, the first of which is represented by the equation of the exponential trend, and the second term is intended to take into account seasonal fluctuations in gas flaring volumes. An example of a forecast of APG flaring volumes for the period 2017-2020 is given for the territory of the KhMAA.
The solution of the modern environmentally friendly and energy-saving ways of cleaning the surfaces is presented in the article, to the question of water wells rejuvenation is presented, the hydro-cavitation processing ofproductive layers and filters. The fairness of the obtained results was tested on the universal set-that passed bench and industrial tests.
The paper presented application of active carbons, carbon and sorption technologies based on them to solve environmental problems in the production, transportation and processing of oil. Also were forecasted the demands in the active carbons for petroleum and petrochemical industries of the Russian economy.
This article describes an innovative utilization technology of used car tyres.
The subject of article is environmental economics. It were considered questions of optimization of payments for negative impact on the environment by enterprises, accelerate the implementation of the bestavailable technologies and the role of system of voluntary environmental certification in this process.
Results of researches on passivation by IM-2201 and to use as a part of insulating materials are given further.
Influence of element sulfur as softener on process of inhibition bitumen polymeric filming agent is studied.
Article has information about oil slime processing.
The aim of this work is to study treatment of emulsified wastewater by ultrafiltration followed by adsorption. The experimental data demonstrated the high efficiency of the process, the degree of purification ismore than 99%. It was revealed an increase in the selectivity of emulsion separation by polyacrylonitrile membranes modified plasma.
It is proposed a new process and equipment for gas/vapor recovery at last stage of oil separation to obtain commercial product - broad fraction of light hydrocarbons (NGL) - directly at oil fields. The process is based on compression of low pressure gas and "hot" separation of condensate in a multipurpose separator developed by the authors. The method is available for recovering of combination gases and in gas industry in a late stage of gas production at specific hydrocarbon deposits.
Justify the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) as a geochemical marker of the environment pollution. Considered the possibilities of use of the indicator ratios based on the PAHs’ concentrations in the environmental and technogenic objects for the identification of the genesis of the pollution. On the example of 24 cases (crude oil from different regions of the world, oil slimes and oil reservoir sediments) estimated theefficiency of different diagnostic ratios and their adequacy for the conditions of Russia. Shown the possibility of identification of the genesis of oil pollution using multivariate statistical methods.
The main problems of modeling of distribution of petroleum products at hazardous pollution and o forecast of environmental risks of geological environment pollution are considered. The main mistakes of modeling of distribution of hydrocarbon pollutions are analyzed. The modern approaches to estimation of migration ability and perspectives of transformation of oil and petroleum products at the contact with environment components are presented.
In the article above you can see the review of main results of investigations conducted by the Institute of applied ecology and environmental management of the Bashkirian Academy of Science-state unitary company Research
Institute of Life Safety as part of the republic campaign "Dioxine" in 1994-2000. The investigation about the characterization of the environmental situation in Ufa in 1994 is viewed in details, you can also findherethethe
ecotoxicant content levels in the environment. The collection and analysis of reports on the scientific-researchpapers,nationalreportson the state of the environment